4.0
DESCRIPTION
OF HOW THE PROBLEM CAN BE SOLVED.
Exhaust fumes from cars in Anaji can be prevented by the
following ways:
ü Improving
the quality control measures of fuel – Nitrogen forms about 70% of the earth,
it is therefore present in almost everything on earth in which fuel is no exemption.
Therefore nitrogen
forms part of fuel which is combusted and produces nitrogen oxides which is
very lethal. Hence as a way of curbing exhaust fumes, the various oil
refineries, production industries and oil dealers in Ghana, must adapt strict
measures to separate unwanted elements from the fuel before they are discharged
for sale. And the government of Ghana must ensure that fuels are properly
screened before they are distributed.
ü Education - Education is a very important factor which
cannot be overlooked when it comes to the prevention of any problem. All the
above measures are very necessary but, it cannot be at its full realization
without educating the citizens. The state or community leaders are entreated to
organize public assemblies, where these measures can be explained to the
citizens. Through education, the citizens can be taught proper ventilation for
cars, ensure that spare are properly installed etc. The state can also create
advertisements on the various media which serves as a form of informal
education to the citizens.
ü Catalytic
converter - A catalytic converter is a device used to convert toxic exhaust
fumes or emissions from an internal combustion engine into non-toxic
substances.The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe,
which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NOx into less harmful gases by
using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts.
Inside the
catalytic converter, the catalysts stimulate a chemical reaction in which
noxious by-products of combustion are converted into less toxic substances. The
specific reactions vary with the type of catalyst installed. The catalytic converter
converts carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in
automobile exhaust into carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen respectively.
ü Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) - As the
name implies, diesel particulate filters remove particulate matter in diesel
exhaustby filtering exhaust from the engine. They can be installed on non-diesel
road vehicles and equipment or stationary diesel engines. A convenient means of
disposing of accumulated particulate matter is to burn or oxidize it on the filter
when exhaust temperatures are adequate. By burning off trapped material, the
filter is cleaned or “regenerated”.
In some non-diesel road applications, disposable filter systems
have been used. A disposablefilter is sized to collect particulate for a working
shift or some other predetermined period of time. After a prescribed amount of
time or when backpressure limits are approached, the filter is removed and
cleaned or discarded. To ensure proper operation, filter systems are designed
for the particular vehicle and vehicle application.
5.0 CONCLUSION.
As identified, cars produce exhaust fumes which has adverse
effects on the environment to mention but a few, global warming and greenhouse
effect. The notable causes of exhaust emissions are partly on the vehicles and
partly on the fuel.
The area (Anaji) therefore needs much consideration and much
awareness to be created to help curb this problem.
6.0 RECOMMENDATION.
I
will propose that, the state or community leaders will schedule community
meetings, during which the causes, effects and methods of curbing this problem
would be explained to every member in the society. Also the government has to
enforce strict quality control measures on fuels right from their drilling till
its gets to the end user. Finally, I will urge the state and community to
create awareness on the various media.
7.0 APPENDICES.
ü THE
MAPS OF ANAJI.
ANAJI
|
Anaji and its neighboring towns.
ü A COPY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE.
KWAME NKRUMAH
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING.
ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY PROJECT
QUESTIONNAIRE.
1. Gender? (A) Male (B) No
2. Are
you a resident of Anaji?
(A) Yes (B) No
3. Is
Anaji economically active?
(A) Yes (B) No
4. Have
you realized the exhaust fumes from cars into the atmosphere? (A)
Yes (B) No
5. Are
you comfortable with it?
(A) Yes (B)
No
6. Have
you considered doing something about it?
(A) Yes (B)
No
7. If
yes, what are they?
…………………………………………………………………….
8. If
no, why? ……………………………………………………………………………..
9. Are
the state or community leaders doing something about this problem? (A)
Yes (B) No
10. Do you know
the fumes have adverse effects on the environment? (A)
Yes (B) No
11. State one
effect of these exhaust fumes on the environment ………………………………..
………………………………………………..
THANK YOU.
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