Content
Introduction……………..
…………………………
Engineering
in society……………………………….
How
I identified this issue…………………………..
My
community………………………………………
Water
in fuel………………………………………..
Petrochemical
engineering………………………….
Controlling
water in fuel……………………………..
Conclusion……………………………………………
Recommendation…………………………………………
Appendices……………………………………………………
INTRODUCTION
BSc. Petrochemical engineering was
introduced in this institution in the year 2009/2010 academic year under the
department of chemical engineering .The objectives of this Programme is to;
•
Provide students with a broad knowledge of the principles of
petrochemical engineering and their applications
•
Provide students with the knowledge and skills required to
design and analyze petrochemical processes ,taking into account health safety,
environmental and social impacts
•
Train students to develop processes for the production of
petrochemicals
•
Train students to design and evaluate economic viability of
petrochemical
The course
is to help graduates to pursue careers in areas like petroleum refinery
industries ,Bulk Oil Storage and Transport (BOST),Ghana standard board
protection Agency (EPA), petrochemical industries(fertilizer,bitumen,fabrics
and polymers), oil marketing companies(Total,Goil, Shell,ect).
ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY
Engineering
in society came about as a result of several conference observations that the
African university graduates appears to become increasingly separated from the
realities of Africa, .i.e. the curricula do
not appear to address the day to day challenges that Africans face in
our societies and communities. This Programme is therefore introduce to
inculcate in students the need to solve problems or challenges facing their
community
The main
objectives of this assignment are to create awareness in students and
appreciation of the fact that the purpose of engineering is to solve societal
problems. This Programme is to motivate students at the onset in their
Programme of study to draw a link between their chosen field of engineering and
the application of this field to the issues that confront the day to day lives
of people.
HOW I IDENTIFIED THIS ISSUE
As an engineering students and realizing how I can use my Programme of
studies to solve societal problems, I took the challenge upon myself by going
to an oil marketing firm in my community called Total oil station where I had
the chance to meet the branch manager whom through conversation made me to
realize that their oil marketing firm has been facing challenges like water finding
its way into their oil product. This is due to change in temperature. He made
me to understand that the petroleum product burns therefore when the product is
in the carrying tanks from the refinery site to their marketing firm in my
community, it results in some sort of temperature changes in the tank which in
turn produces vapour out of it, therefore condensing into small amount of water
in suspension.
Again, he made me to understand that
the other way water finds its way into the storage tanks is when there is
rainfall. I came to realize that this is due to poor housekeeping of storage
tanks. Now the main problem here is observe when there is consistent rainfall
which then leads to seep of rain into the storage tanks.
MY
COMMUNITY
Berekum is the name of my community which can be located in
the Brong-Ahafo region. The Berekum Municipal Assembly is one of the Twenty-Two
administrative districts in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. It is bordered to the Northeast and Northwest
to Tain District and Jaman South Districts respectively, southwest to Asunafo
North Municipal Assembly and southeast to Sunyani west. The total population of
the Municipality is estimated at 142,410 made up of 51.4% females and 48.6 %
males. There are thirty-six settlements
in the Municipality with Berekum, Jinijini, Senase, Kato and Kutre as the major
towns. These urban towns together
accommodate about 64 percent and the remaining 36 percent in the rest of the
settlement. Berekum, the Municipal
capital alone accommodates a little over one third of the total population.
Most people live in block houses. My
community is a Bono and Christian dominated community thereby twi is our mother
tongue. The Municipality has very economic
active population, which constitutes 62.8 percent. It must however be noted that a sizeable
proportion of the population are either unemployed or underemployed.
The Municipality is endowed with huge economic
potential. It is mainly an agrarian
economy. The major crops cultivated are:- maize, yams, vegetables, cassava,
Cocoyam and plantain. Also flourishing
in the Municipality are the production of Cocoa, cashew, citrus and
mangos. Agriculture alone employs 57
percent of the population, whilst industry and Commerce employs 17 and 26
percent respectively. Berekum has one of the largest Markets in Brong Ahafo
Region, the Market attracts people from all the adjoining Districts and people
from Ivory Coast because of its proximity to that County. Major items traded
includes, household consumables, Household non consumables items, Building
materials, Clothing, etc. This sector provides employment for 26 percent of the
people in the Municipality. The industrial sector comprises of Metal Based
Industry, Wood Based Industry, and Agro Processing and Processing of Sachet
Water. The industrial sector employs 17 percent of the labour force in the
Municipality. The industrial sector comprises of Metal Based Industry, Wood
Based Industry, and Agro Processing and Processing of Sachet Water. The
industrial sector employs 17 percent of the labour force in the Municipality.
NO
|
ACTIVITY
|
PERCENTAGE (%)
|
1
|
AGRICULTURE
|
57
|
2
|
COMMERCE
|
26
|
3
|
INDUSTRY
|
17
|
4
|
SERVICE
|
10
|
5
|
Total
|
100
|
The condition of road network in the municipality is in a
very fair condition; about 70% of the feeder road network can be classified as
fair, whilst the remaining 30 percent can be classified as good. There is a 24
hour transport facility from Berekum the Municipal Capital to Accra and other
parts of the country. The State Transport Company has an operational office in
Berekum, Transportation is therefore not a problem in the Municipality
WATER IN
FUEL
Through conversation with Mr.Micheal Yeboah Twumasi who
happens to be the branch manager of Total oil station in my community, he made
to understand that no fuel station will try to mix water with fuel with the
intention of getting more products for his market due to the non-polarity of
fuel thereby giving its tendency not to mix thoroughly. Water finds its way
into fuel when there is poor housekeeping of storage tanks. This is experience
when there is frequent rainfall.
When there is
water in fuel( i.e., whether petrol or diesel) in automobiles due to temperature
changes or when rain seep into storage tanks , the aftermath is that the fuel
will not be able to burn in the engine
since there is water suspension therefore reducing the energy available and may
result in low horse power. Again water corrodes therefore it can corrode and
plug engine parts and it is a significant contributor to bacteria growth in the
tank. Unfortunately, it does not take
much to cause a problem.
Moreover the engine may cut out momentarily, especially
during acceleration. Any pressure indicators will show a varying of pressure in
the common rail system if you have one of those. Not only will this but you get
either black or white smoke during engine operation which of course causing air
pollution. All these are reliable symptoms of water in fuel
This is due to the
fact fuel is a non-polar compound therefore insoluble in water. This causes
interruptions when the mixture moves into the engine to burn for movement. This
intends cause problem for the firm since customers will realize the impurity of
their product therefore leading to low purchasing of product in their firm.
This has created the importance of checking water in fuel since that can cause
problems to automobiles. Since the oil marketing firm may over-look the
tendency of water finding its way in their
product, it leaves the burden on customers especially commercial drivers to be
aware of problems it can cause them when water finds its way into fuel line in
their engine thereby clogging up the engine. This will save one the trouble
becoming aware of this situation when he or she finds in with the automobile.
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